Human History Timeline and Fundamental Needs: The Montessori Third Great Lesson

"Never forget that you are part of me. You are part of my wild and dazzling dream. Remember too, that I am inside you. Every cell in your body is packed with hydrogen, made when I was born. Your bones are hardened with calcium made by stars. Your backbone was fashioned by fish. The deepest part of your brain was built by reptiles. The love you feel for another deepened inside the very first mammals. Your awe-filled wonder began on starry nights around campfires, long, long ago."

- The Universe, as told by Jennifer Morgan

We’re so excited to share this Human History Timeline and Fundamental Needs of Humans as the Montessori Third Great Lesson materials and follow-up for the Primary and Elementary years. We hope you find it useful for planning your own experiences.

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We're really enjoying ourselves and this Human History and Fundamental Needs unit was no less interesting than the previous two. We spent some time exploring works related to The Timeline of Humans and our follow-up work contained a nice mix of printables, hands-on activities and some longer project-based learning experiences.

You can check out these Elementary Curriculum resources as well as the History Books, Zoology Books, and Indigenous Education Books for more details on what you see below.

If you haven't already, be sure to check out Astronomy for Kids: The Montessori First Great Lesson to see where this story starts.

What is the Montessori Third Great Lesson?

The Third Great Lesson in Montessori’s Cosmic Education a.k.a. The Coming of Humans picks up where the Montessori Second Great Lesson ended: the timeline of life on earth up to the appearance of humans. The Third Great Lesson introduces students to early humans, the timeline of hominids, modern humans, civilizations, and fundamental needs of humans. It’s traditionally given to Elementary students after The Second Great Lesson Follow-Up work is complete. It tells the story of human survival and adaptation, how early civilizations arose, and how we met our needs in the past as well as in modern times.

Together, Montessori’s Five Great Lessons provide children with a contextual understanding of who they are, where they come from, and their unique purpose or cosmic task.

What Subjects are Covered in this Human History Timeline and Fundamental Needs Unit?

Since we are including Preschool and Elementary students in this Third Great Lesson, the goal is always to strike a balance between what's been taught in Primary in the past and what to introduce to a Lower Elementary student. Also, I like to introduce content and materials that are buildable, knowing that some topics will be revisited in the future.

This Third Great Lesson covers Sensorial, Language, Practical Life, Math, Science, Nature, Geography, History, Art, and Music. There are many different directions you can take with this lesson. The kids spent a lot of time engaged in activities related to the Timeline of Humans, Fundamental Needs, Tools, Indigenous People & Culture, and Inventions.

Free Montessori Great Lessons Series

Explore the Montessori Great Lessons, the introduction to the Cosmic Curriculum, traditionally given to Elementary students near the beginning of the school year. This 5-part weekly email series will help you tell the story of how our universe began all the way to the origins of language and numbers.

Montessori's Five Great Lessons provide children with a contextual understanding of who they are, where they come from, and their unique purpose or cosmic task. Sounds like a big undertaking, right? Well, it doesn't have to be.

This interpretation expands upon the traditional lessons geared toward elementary students to include works applicable to environments of various ages and learners with a variety of interests. This family-style approach supports everyone in your homeschool, nurturing the wonder and joy of all who participate.

Human History Timeline and Fundamental Needs: The Montessori Third Great Lesson

This Montessori Third Great Lesson contains materials and follow-up work for all ages, but especially ages 2-12. It contains books, printables, and hands-on activities. More specifically, it covers topics such as Timelines, Fundamental Needs, Tools, Native Americans, Simple Machines, and Inventions.

Third Great Lesson

These are the books I used for the telling of the Third Great Lesson. Mammals Who Morph has a really captivating approach to the story that our kids enjoyed as much as the previous two books from this series. Also, When We Became Humans is really helpful for additional exploration.

Graphic History Duology

• Sapiens: A Graphic History: The Birth of Humankind
• Sapiens: A Graphic History, Volume 2: The Pillars of Civilization

Looking for a fun and often amusing account of human history and civilization that kids and adults will enjoy? Look no further than Sapiens: A Graphic History Volumes I & II. Explore human history in a story format with gorgeous full-color illustrations taking center stage throughout. This is storytelling at its finest.

Montessorikiwi's Ancient Civilizations Bundle is a grab-and-go resource with hands-on materials for exploring Ancient Egypt, Ancient Persia, and Ancient China.

Get 16% off your purchase from Montessorikiwi here.

Find these books and more in our shop.

Human History Timeline

Afterward, Kaia explored the Timeline of Hominids. She read the captions and discussed how the images compared to each other as she made her way through the timeline.

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She was really interested in this great work, so she also explored the blank version of the same timeline, placing the images and description cards in the appropriate spots while Noah enjoyed his truck book.

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Human History Timeline Extension: Thousand Bead Chain & Skip Counting

We explored the concept of centuries and timelines using the 1000 Bead Chain and labels.

Katalina counted the individual beads and placed the printed arrows 1-10 above the beads. Kaia and Noah practiced skip counting by tens and hundreds, using the arrows to mark their progress.

You can also use these printable Square and Cube Chain Arrows, a subscriber freebie from One Tree Montessori.

Human History Timeline Matching

Kaia explored these History Timeline Cards by placing the BCE/CE dates in order with assistance and then matching the images to the description.

These timeline cards are also part of the Montessori Fifth Great Lesson.

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Looking for resources to help your child explore women changemakers and innovators?

The Women Who Make History Collection by Rachel Ignotofsky is a beautifully illustrated collection of books about 150 fearless women your child will want to know more about.

My Fundamental Needs

Another day, we briefly looked at the Hand Chart and the Spiritual and Material Needs Chart in the FREE Cultivating Dharma History Album. These My Fundamental Needs printables were a great follow-up to those discussions and really useful for both Kaia and Noah.

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Kaia also created this My Fundamental Needs booklet which is part of the same printable.

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Fundamental Needs of Humans Extensions

These Fundamental Needs Extensions are awesome because they have several suggestions for each need. It's also easy to adapt the activity to each child's abilities. The kids focused on food here.

Kaia drew 10 grocery items, labeled them, and researched the price of each item with assistance. Finally, she calculated the total cost. Noah drew and colored 10 containers of yogurt - his favorite food right now. Katalina happily doodled her interpretation of the assignment alongside her siblings.

Get 16% off your purchase from Montessorikiwi here. You can also find a freebie sampler version of the Fundamental Needs Extensions in the Montessorikiwi freebie library for subscribers.

Free Rabbit Sorting & Care Checklist

Grab your free rabbit sorting activity above. Kids can sort the cards into rows or columns using the heading cards: Small Pet Rabbits, Meat Rabbits, and Angora Rabbits. The colors of the cards provide a control of error so that kids can self-correct when completing this work independently.

Kids can further explore the different types of rabbits and the needs they support: love, food, clothing, or a combination.

These sorting cards also make excellent three-part cards for introducing vocabulary related to rabbit breeds. To use these as 3-part cards, simply print two copies of the printable and then cut the labels off the cards on one of the copies. Children can match the picture and then match the label as they show readiness.

Also included is a free daily rabbit care checklist. Kids can use this checklist as a guide when completing their rabbit care routine. There are extra spaces available to list additional tasks that may need to be completed for your pet rabbit.

Fundamental Needs Then and Now

This Fundamental Needs Then and Now Sorting Activity was a big hit. This led to a lot of discussion about older forms of communication and housing. Kaia read the captions and Noah placed the picture card under the then and now headings.

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Needs vs. Wants

This was excellent follow-up work to the Human History Timeline and Fundamental Needs work from Wings, Worms, and Wonder. The kids cut out some images from a popular gardening magazine. Afterward, they taped them to the window and together we drew the pie graph. I would definitely recommend doing this for a variety of lessons and conversation starters. They also had a lot of laughs and creative thinking about what can be considered a need.

It was interesting to note that out of the 10 items they cut out, more were categorized as wants than needs. Also, Kaia pointed out that this particular gardening magazine (we're not subscribers so we don't have any prior experience with it) had what she referred to as the world's largest chocolate bar and the world's smallest plant image. That led to an interesting discussion about advertisements.

Start a Garden with Kids

Keep it Simple. Using household materials and simple tools, empower kids to grow food and eat healthy with this easy series of lessons that will help you start a garden with your learners.

World Religions

These 5-part cards from the Montessorikiwi World Religions and Philosophies Bundle teach kids about Buddhism, Islam, Hinduism, Christianity, and Judaism.

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Tools for Hunting

Early season bow hunting just concluded by us and everyone gets excited about the opportunity for target practice. These Large Wooden Bows with Arrows are handmade at Treasures From Jennifer and are great practice for little ones.

Additional arrows and a matching quiver are sold separately.

Kaia likes reading aloud to everyone. She read Skin Again and All the Colors We Are to her siblings. Afterward, she decided to grab some materials out of her Art cabinet.

Tools for Creating Art

Kaiai and Noah explored Art materials as tools. We've done this particular Skin Tone Painting activity from Different Differenter a couple of times already and it's always fun using the watercolor paint palette, Stabilo 3-in-1 watercolor crayons, and these Lyra Skin Tone Colored Pencils.

First, they experimented with using a paintbrush to mix the red, yellow, and blue watercolor paints in order to create their own unique skin tone. Next, they experimented with watercolor crayons and some water. Finally, they used skin-tone pencils.

They concluded that watercolor paints are the easiest to mix together but also more difficult to create a match to their skin color. In addition, they noted that the skin tone colored pencils are the easiest to use on paper, but they don't mix together easily to create a new color. They found that the watercolor crayons gave them the color combination that is closest to their skin tone.

Skin tones using Stabilo 3-in-1 watercolor crayons on the left and the watercolor palette on the right. They identified that they both have pale white skin and Noah has cool, red-pink undertones.

Handwork Tools

We used stories and lessons from The Work of Wool: A Montessori Handwork Album to learn about the history of wool, the process of wool, and types of spindles.

They made their own drop spindles using small branches from an apple tree. Also, they picked out a Black Walnut Turkish Drop Spindle for comparison and some Oregon Merino Wool Roving for their introduction to spinning. It was really neat for them to be able to see the farm and the sheep that provided the wool for our handwork lessons.

I introduced some knife safety rules and they took turns using my Smith & Wesson knife. It worked well because it has a safety mechanism that prevents the blade from closing unintentionally.

Sanding using coarse and fine sanding tools. There were a couple of iterations to the process as they experimented with various weights for the whorl of the spindle. They settled on a mason jar top and a small block of wood that they secured underneath.

Human History Timeline and Fundamental Needs of Humans Shelf Work

Here we have Fundamental Needs Through Time, including Native Americans Nomenclature Cards displayed on a shelf next to our timeline matching activity.

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Native American Fry Bread and Kitchen Tools

If you've seen our collection of Indigenous Education Books, you know how much we've enjoyed reading Fry Bread. We recently had the opportunity to follow the recipe and read the book aloud while we waited between steps of the recipe. It was a nice family experience. The kids tried out different kitchen tools when mixing the dough and then frying it in the pan, switching between a wooden spoon and a whisk.

We also have Chocolate Bison Chili for learning more about Native American cuisine and Ukrainian Welcome Bread for more fundamental needs cooking inspiration.

If you have the opportunity, I would definitely recommend Fry Bread for your family. We really enjoyed reading it together and it has so much to offer in terms of Sensorial, Practical Life, History, and Geography experiences.

Want to combine your efforts and increase learning opportunities while you cook?

Free Cooking Course for Families

Sign up to receive free cooking lessons for the whole family. Learn from some of the most talented chefs around the world and participate in the quality practical life experiences Montessori education is known for.

Interdisciplinary lessons cover math, language, history, geography, and more while stimulating the senses.

There are recipes for every continent and they're excellent resources for kids to keep in their continent boxes along with other geography and culture materials.

Tools in Music and Dance

One of the most exciting parts of the Third Great Lesson follow-up work for the kids was watching the videos provided by the Grande Ronde Cultural Education Program. Kaia especially liked watching the Canoe Singing and Dancing Lesson 4 - Paddle Dance and the significance of honoring the paddle that enables them to move to the next place. It's pretty incredible to watch.

We're definitely going to view more of these videos as we explore the history, culture, and contemporary existence of the Indigenous peoples of our area.

Simple Machines

The last bit of follow-up work and explorations revolved around simple machines and inventions. Using Physics for Every Kid along with this Scientific Method Package, Kaia and Noah learned that a winding mountain road is considered a simple machine as it decreases the work required to get to the top of the mountain. The trade-off is the increase in time required for the journey. Pretty cool stuff.

Inventions and Inventors

Lastly, Kaia explored the Inventions and Inventors unit by Montessorikiwi. She particularly liked learning about Ada Lovelace and the Thinking Machine. There were several inventors and inventions included in the unit and more than enough follow-up activities to keep an aspiring inventor curious.

We also have the Spanish version of the same unit, which is really neat. It was included in the Multilingual Mega Bundle, available for a limited time in the fall. I made sure to grab it since there were several units in it that we were already enjoying in English.

A FREE Inventors and Inventions Matching Activity by Child of the Redwoods is another great follow-up work.

Montessori Work Plan, Review, & File Folder

This is how Kaia and Noah document their work for each week. They fill out the Montessori Work Plan at the end of their day. The folders are for ongoing work and completed work.

Human History Timeline & Fundamental Needs Conclusion

We hope you’ve enjoyed seeing how we do the Third Great Lesson. Using these Montessori Elementary Curriculum Resources, I put together a great mix of books, printables, and project-based learning experiences for primary and elementary students. There are a lot of directions you can take with this great lesson. This is how we did it. We hope you find it useful as you plan your own Montessori Third Great Lesson experiences.

Don’t forget to check out our First Great Lesson if you haven’t already.

More Human History Timeline & Fundamental Needs Resources

• A Whale in the Desert
• Indigenous Education Books
• Montessori Fourth Great Lesson Materials and Follow-Up
• Free Preschool & Kindergarten Homeschool Course

Thanks for stopping by!

– Kristin